Upper Endoscopy

Upper endoscopy, also called gastroscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, is a procedure in which a thin flexible camera is passed through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It may be used for symptoms such as persistent upper abdominal pain, reflux alarms, swallowing difficulty, bleeding, anemia, or unexplained vomiting. ^[1][2][3]

The procedure can also allow biopsy, control of bleeding, or other therapeutic interventions. A biopsy does not automatically mean cancer; it is often used to investigate inflammation, infection, celiac disease, or other noncancerous conditions. ^[1][2][4]

How should patients prepare before the procedure?

Patients are typically asked to fast for a specified period. Medication instructions, especially regarding anticoagulants, diabetes medications, and sedation arrangements, should be followed carefully. ^[1][2]

What happens during upper endoscopy?

The throat may be numbed, and sedation may be used depending on the setting. The endoscope allows the doctor to inspect the lining of the upper gastrointestinal tract and, if needed, obtain biopsies or perform certain treatments. ^[1][2][3]

Risks and possible complications

Upper endoscopy is generally safe, but risks can include bleeding, perforation, aspiration, and sedation-related complications. The risk profile depends on whether only diagnostic inspection is performed or whether therapeutic maneuvers are also needed. ^[1][2][4]

How are results interpreted?

Some findings may be discussed immediately, while biopsy-based answers can take longer. A normal endoscopy does not always mean symptoms are unreal; some problems may be functional or may require other tests. ^[1][2][3]