Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts. It is more common in children than adults and may cause scaling, itching, broken hairs, and patchy hair loss. Despite the name “ringworm,” no worm is involved; the condition is caused by dermatophyte fungi. ^[1][2][3]

This condition matters clinically because scalp fungal infections usually require oral treatment rather than creams alone. ^[1][2]

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms may include scalp scaling, itching, round or irregular patches of hair loss, broken hairs that leave a “black dot” appearance, and areas of inflammation. In some children, tender swollen lesions called kerion can develop. ^[1][2][3]

How does it spread?

Tinea capitis can spread from person to person, from animals to people, or through shared objects such as combs, hats, pillows, or hair tools. ^[1][2][3]

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on examination and may be supported by microscopic testing, fungal culture, or other dermatologic methods. ^[1][2]

How is it treated?

Unlike many superficial fungal infections of the skin, tinea capitis usually requires oral antifungal medication because topical creams alone do not penetrate the hair shafts well enough. Antifungal shampoos may be used as an additional measure to reduce spread, but they are usually not enough as sole therapy. ^[1][2][3]

When should medical care be sought?

A child with scalp scaling plus broken hairs, patchy hair loss, pus-like swelling, or tender inflammatory plaques should be evaluated. ^[1][2]

FAQ

Is tinea capitis the same as dandruff?

No. Dandruff can also cause scaling, but tinea capitis is a fungal infection and often causes broken hairs or patchy hair loss. ^[1][2]

Can it spread to other people?

Yes. It can spread through close contact, shared items, or infected animals. ^[1][2][3]

Are creams enough?

Usually no. Scalp ringworm generally requires oral treatment. ^[1][2]

Can it cause hair loss?

Yes. Patchy hair loss is a common symptom. ^[1][2]

When should parents seek prompt evaluation?

If there is hair loss, swelling, tenderness, pus, or severe inflammation, prompt medical evaluation is warranted. ^[1][2]