Rickets is a disorder of growing bones in children in which bone mineralization is impaired, most commonly because of vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, or phosphate-related problems. As bones soften, skeletal deformities, pain, delayed growth, and muscle weakness can develop. ^[1][2]

What are the symptoms?

Possible signs include delayed growth, bone pain, muscle weakness, delayed motor milestones, bowed legs, thickened wrists or ankles, dental problems, and chest wall changes. ^[1][2]

What causes it?

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common causes. Inadequate dietary intake, limited sun exposure, malabsorption, and liver or kidney problems can all contribute. Calcium deficiency and certain phosphate disorders can also lead to rickets. ^[1][2]

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis may involve physical examination, blood tests, and X-rays of the bones. Laboratory assessment may include vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase. ^[1][2]

How is it treated?

Treatment depends on cause. Nutritional rickets often responds to vitamin D and/or calcium replacement under medical guidance. If the problem is related to kidney disease, phosphate disorders, or inherited conditions, more specialized treatment is needed. ^[1][2]

When should a child be evaluated?

Children with persistent bowing of the legs, delayed growth, bone pain, weakness, or delayed walking should be assessed. ^[1][2]

FAQ

Is rickets always caused by vitamin D deficiency?

No. Vitamin D deficiency is common, but calcium deficiency and phosphate-related conditions can also cause rickets. ^[1][2]

Can rickets cause bowed legs?

Yes. Bowing of the legs is one of the classic skeletal findings. ^[1][2]

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually involves examination, blood tests, and bone imaging. ^[1][2]

Can treatment help?

Yes. Early and appropriate treatment can improve bone health and reduce progression. ^[1][2]

When should parents seek evaluation?

If a child has bowed legs, delayed growth, bone pain, weakness, or delayed walking, evaluation is appropriate. ^[1][2]