Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can occur after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal infection, especially strep throat. It most often affects children and adolescents and can involve the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system. ^[1][2]

The reason rheumatic fever matters so much is that it can lead to long-term heart valve damage, known as rheumatic heart disease. ^[1][2]

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms can include fever, joint pain and swelling—often moving from one joint to another—fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, rash, nodules under the skin, and involuntary movements called Sydenham chorea. ^[1][2]

What causes it?

Rheumatic fever is a delayed inflammatory response to group A streptococcal infection. It is not the same as having active strep bacteria in every organ. ^[1][2]

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, history of recent streptococcal infection, and supporting tests. Doctors may use blood tests, ECG, echocardiography, and other assessments when needed. ^[1][2]

How is it treated?

Treatment may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and management of heart or neurologic complications. Long-term preventive antibiotics may also be recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence in selected patients. ^[1][2]

When should you seek care?

Medical evaluation is important when fever, migrating joint pain, unusual movements, chest symptoms, or unexplained fatigue develop after a recent sore throat. ^[1][2]

FAQ

Is rheumatic fever the same as a strep throat infection?

No. It is an inflammatory complication that can occur after streptococcal infection. ^[1][2]

Can it affect the heart?

Yes. One of the major concerns is inflammation involving the heart and heart valves. ^[1][2]

Who is most often affected?

It is most often seen in children and adolescents. ^[1][2]

Why are long-term antibiotics sometimes used?

To help prevent recurrence in selected patients, especially when the heart is affected. ^[1][2]

When should symptoms after sore throat be checked?

If fever, joint swelling, odd movements, chest pain, or shortness of breath occur after recent sore throat, evaluation is appropriate. ^[1][2]