Reye syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can cause sudden swelling in the liver and brain. It has classically been associated with giving aspirin to children or teenagers during recovery from a viral infection such as influenza or chickenpox. Because it can progress quickly, it is considered a medical emergency. ^[1][2]

What are the symptoms?

Early symptoms often include persistent vomiting, unusual sleepiness, irritability, and behavioral change after a recent viral illness. As the condition worsens, confusion, seizures, decreased consciousness, and coma can occur. ^[1][2]

Why is aspirin important?

Reye syndrome has been strongly linked to aspirin use in children and teenagers recovering from viral infections. For that reason, aspirin is generally avoided in most children unless specifically recommended by a physician for a special medical reason. ^[1][2]

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on history, symptoms, laboratory evaluation, and the exclusion of other urgent causes of vomiting and altered mental status. Doctors may assess liver function, ammonia levels, blood sugar, and other markers while also evaluating brain involvement. ^[1][2]

How is it treated?

Treatment is supportive and usually takes place in the hospital, often in intensive care if the illness is severe. Doctors work to reduce pressure on the brain, correct metabolic abnormalities, maintain fluids carefully, and monitor for complications. ^[1][2]

When should emergency care be sought?

A child who develops repeated vomiting, confusion, extreme sleepiness, seizures, or unusual behavior after a recent viral illness needs urgent assessment. ^[1][2]

FAQ

Is Reye syndrome common?

No. It is rare, but it is still important because it can be life-threatening. ^[1][2]

Why should aspirin usually be avoided in children?

Because aspirin use during viral illness has been linked to Reye syndrome. ^[1][2]

What is an early warning sign?

Persistent vomiting after a recent viral infection is one of the important early warning signs. ^[1]

Can it cause confusion or seizures?

Yes. As it progresses, neurologic symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and reduced consciousness can occur. ^[1][2]

Should parents wait to see if it passes?

No. Suspected Reye syndrome requires urgent medical evaluation. ^[1][2]