Impetigo is a common, highly contagious bacterial skin infection that most often affects infants and young children, although older children and adults can also develop it. It typically involves the superficial layers of the skin and often begins when bacteria enter through a cut, scratch, insect bite, eczema patch, or another area of irritated skin. ^[1][2][3]

The rash often starts as small sores or blisters that break open and leave a characteristic honey-colored crust. It frequently appears around the nose and mouth but can also affect the arms, legs, or other exposed skin. Some forms cause larger fluid-filled blisters. The lesions may itch more than they hurt, but scratching can spread bacteria to nearby skin and to other people. ^[1][2][5]

Impetigo spreads through close contact, contaminated towels, clothing, or touching the sores and then touching other skin. Outbreaks are more likely in warm, humid settings and in environments where children are in close contact. Good hygiene reduces spread, but impetigo is still common because it can move easily from one small skin break to another. ^[1][2][4]

Diagnosis is usually clinical, meaning a clinician can often recognize the infection from the appearance of the rash. In recurrent, severe, or atypical cases, a swab may be taken to identify the bacteria and guide antibiotic choice. Conditions such as eczema, herpes infection, insect bites, and contact dermatitis can sometimes resemble impetigo, so persistent or unusual lesions merit professional review. ^[1][3][5]

Treatment may involve topical antibiotics for limited disease or oral antibiotics when lesions are more extensive or widespread. Gentle cleansing and avoiding scratching are important. Parents and caregivers are often advised to keep nails short, wash hands frequently, and avoid sharing towels, bedding, or clothing until treatment has begun and a clinician says it is safe to return to school or daycare. ^[1][2][4]

Although impetigo is usually mild, complications can occur. The surrounding skin can become more inflamed, deeper infection may rarely develop, and certain streptococcal strains have been associated with kidney complications after skin infection. These outcomes are not common, but they reinforce why a spreading rash should not simply be ignored. ^[2][4][5]

Medical review is advisable if the rash is spreading quickly, causing fever, not improving with treatment, recurring frequently, or affecting a newborn or an immunocompromised person. Prompt treatment can reduce discomfort, shorten the course, and decrease transmission to others. ^[1][2][4]

FAQ

What does impetigo usually look like?

It often appears as small sores that break open and form a honey-colored crust, commonly around the nose or mouth. ^[1][2]

Is impetigo contagious?

Yes. It spreads easily through close contact and contaminated objects such as towels or clothing. ^[1][2][4]

Does impetigo always need antibiotics?

Treatment depends on the extent and type of infection. Limited disease may be treated topically, while more extensive disease may require oral antibiotics. ^[1][4]

Can adults get impetigo?

Yes. Although it is especially common in children, adults can also develop impetigo. ^[1][3]

When should a rash be evaluated quickly?

Rapid spread, fever, pain, recurrent infection, or lack of improvement with treatment should prompt medical review. ^[1][2]