Epidermoid cysts are slow-growing, usually benign lumps that develop beneath the skin. They commonly appear on the face, neck, trunk, or back, and they often feel like round, movable nodules. ^[1][3][4]

These cysts form when surface skin cells move deeper into the skin instead of shedding normally. The cells continue producing keratin, which accumulates and enlarges the cyst over time. ^[1][2]

What do epidermoid cysts look and feel like?

They are often small, dome-shaped, and may have a visible central opening or punctum. Some remain stable for a long time, while others slowly enlarge. If the cyst becomes inflamed or infected, redness, tenderness, swelling, or drainage can occur. ^[1][3]

Many people mistake them for pimples or abscesses, especially when they suddenly become painful. However, an inflamed cyst and a skin infection are not always exactly the same thing. ^[1][2]

Why do they occur?

Epidermoid cysts can develop after blocked follicles, skin injury, or simply from the way skin cells become trapped. They are generally not dangerous and are not a sign of cancer in most cases. ^[1][4]

Still, not every lump under the skin is an epidermoid cyst. That is why persistent, rapidly changing, or unusual masses deserve medical evaluation. ^[1][2]

How are they treated?

Small asymptomatic cysts sometimes need no treatment. If a cyst becomes inflamed, painful, repeatedly infected, or cosmetically bothersome, a clinician may recommend drainage, steroid injection in selected cases, or complete surgical removal. ^[2][4]

Complete removal of the cyst wall is often the most effective way to prevent recurrence. Trying to squeeze or pop a cyst at home can worsen inflammation and increase infection risk. ^[1][2]

When should you seek medical care?

You should consider evaluation if the lump grows quickly, becomes painful, turns red, drains foul-smelling material, or appears in a sensitive area. Any lump with an uncertain diagnosis is worth discussing with a clinician. ^[1][3]

Medical assessment is also sensible if the lesion keeps recurring or interferes with shaving, clothing, or daily comfort. ^[1][4]

FAQ

Are epidermoid cysts cancer?

Most are benign and not cancer. ^[1][4]

Can they get infected?

Yes. Redness, warmth, pain, and drainage may suggest inflammation or infection. ^[1][3]

Should I squeeze one at home?

No. Squeezing can worsen inflammation and may not remove the full cyst wall. ^[1][2]

Can they come back?

Yes. Recurrence is possible, especially if the cyst wall is not completely removed. ^[2][4]

When should I see a doctor?

You should seek care if the lump is painful, infected, rapidly changing, or simply uncertain in diagnosis. ^[1][3]